The Break with Rome Essay Example for Free

The Break with Rome Essay Although it is fair to say that a number of important factors ultimately resulted in Henrys desire for a Break with Rome, it is clear that Henrys wish for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon to ensure a male heir was the key underlying motive throughout the saga. Henrys desire for power and financial gain are still both extremely important aspects of the debate, but it is certainly arguable that these are secondary ambitions which gained prominence as the events unfolded. For many years it had been clear that Henry strongly desired a male heir to the throne. It was also becoming clear that Catherine of Aragon was growing too old to bear him a child that he craved, and Henry saw this as a sign from God that his marriage to Catherine was unholy, with this point being reinforced by Catherines miscarriages. It appeared that a divorce was therefore the only solution, and for this reason it can be observed as the guiding factor in the Break with Rome. Catherine was obviously unhappy with this, and so to ensure that she would not be able to appeal to the Pope over any events that were to follow, Henry had the Act in Restraint of Appeals passed in 1533. This provided the pathway in 1534 for the Act of Supremacy. This enabled the King to alter doctrine, which he would be able to use to legalise the annulment of his marriage to Catherine. It was also extremely important in that [it] ensured opposition could be dealt with as the act required every subject to take the oath of Supremacy. The passing of the Act of Succession only several months showed how desperate Henry was to obtain his male heir. Henry was aware of the difficulties that Matilda, the only previous queen of England, had suffered, and so this act declared Mary illegitimate. Time was certainly of the essence here, as it was also important to Henry that his son be 16 at the time coming to power to ensure that he was not usurped in the same way that other boy kings had. Finally, the Treason Act also of 1534 also amplifies the idea that Henry was desperate that any son he had would be seen as legitimate and face few problems when he came to power. The actions taken between 1532 and 1534 would suggest that Henry was becoming desperate to ensure the divorce and obtain a son, and so provides strong evidence to suggest that these were his real motives behind the Break with Rome. Historians also argue that Henrys desire for financial gain was also an important factor which led to his desire to obtain the Break with Rome. Firstly, the Act in Restraint of Annates, which had initially began as a threat in 1532, was put into place in 1534. The initial aim was to persuade the Pope into granting the divorce. However, by 1534 it was clear that this was not going to happen and so Henry was implementing policies to ensure a Break with Rome. Ultimately, this means that by the time it was passed, the Act was no longer a way of threatening the Pope into granting a divorce. Instead, it was Henry simply take control of the Popes income and so it is therefore reasonable to suggest that by 1534, financial motives for a split had crept into Henrys thinking. This was again shown in 1534 by the Act for First Fruits and Tenths. This provides a further example of money that was formerly sent to the Pope becoming an additional income for Henry. It is certainly arguable that by this stage Henry was well aware of the potential financial benefits that the break could have, and so this may well have fuelled the rapid changes that occurred between 1532 and 1534. A final aspect of the divorce which is suggested by historians is Henrys hunger for power, and this becomes apparent when observing some of the Acts put into place. The Act for Submission of the Clergy in 1534 (created in 1532) can be seen as the first step in Henry trying to take control of a very important aspect of everyones lives, the Church. The Act of Supremacy reinforces the idea that Henry strongly desired power within the Church, and it begins to become apparent that along with the increasing financial importance that the break would have, power was also becoming an extremely important aspect. Such legislation as the Act of Supremacy and Treason Act provided Henry with security in his new positions, and with this evidence taken into account that it is certainly arguable that some of the other factors were simply covering for Henrys greed for power. It is worth considering that ideas of financial and power motives are not mutually exclusive. After initially just wanting the divorce and an heir, it may well have been the case that this lead to Henry obtaining more power which he was able to use his advantage for financial benefit. It is however also argued that Henrys initial intention was never to gain extra power, yet this still links in with the idea that Henrys lust for power evolved as events unfolded. Consequently, if the Pope had granted the annulment in the first place, Henrys desire for a male heir could have been rectified and the desires for power and money would never have been allowed to evolve. On balance, it has become clear that the way in which the events unfolded affected why Henry was so keen for the Break with Rome. Initially at least, there is strong evidence to suggest that Henrys only real motive was to obtain the divorce and produce a male heir. However, as the years rolled by it is suggested that the reasons behind the events developed. The concentration of legislation passing between 1532 and 1534 suggest both that Henry was becoming more desperate and also that a lust for power and money were now providing the fuel behind the events that both introduced and secured the Break with Rome. Therefore to conclude, although it is certainly possible that Henrys strong initial desire was for a divorce and to obtain a male heir, but once he realised the possibilities that lay before him in gaining power within the Church and increasing his income drastically to enable his exuberant lifestyle these motives expanded and diversified.

Frame Of Organizational Structure Work Specialization Commerce Essay

Frame Of Organizational Structure Work Specialization Commerce Essay We are joining an organization as management trainee, we are asked by the boss to make a report and present our findings about the organizational structure, culture and leadership approaches in the management. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this assignment for the task of P1 we discussed the culture and structure of different departments of organisation under study. It also discussed about the prevailing structure and culture of an organisation. Then for the task of P2, it is explained that how structure and culture have positive or negative impact on the performance of an organisation along with the examples from real life. In the next task those factors are discussed which influence the buyer behaviour. It is focused on relevance understanding of each other, personality traits and types. For the task of M1, the prevailing structure and culture of organisation is discussed with the view that we can see the concepts in real life. As it is understood that no organisation is perfect, there must be any issue or problem therefore for the task of D1 problems are identified regarding structure and culture and give recommendations about management learned in class. TASK FOR P1: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: Every organization should have Organization structure because it tells about every level of hierarchy that who is responsible to whom and also shows the position of a person. Organization structure consists of vital pillars which show that what an organization is composed of. FRAME OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:- WORK SPECIALIZATION: Work specialization is main factor of organization structure. In an organization there are several jobs along their workers. As every worker performs individually their tasks so they do performing that activity again and again and get trained and work specialized in their field. This factor is gives advantage and disadvantage both e.g. In a Honda Company there are many portions. Every worker becomes specialist on their portion by doing one job. He could be more accurate and efficient as he will be used to it and he can do it in less time. In less input that worker will give more output and the disadvantage is that if the work specialized person is absent so the production will stop. By doing the same job he might be bore so the moral will be down. DEPARTMENTALIZATION: Though departmentalization jobs are divided into the specialize work and they perform the tasks as groups. Following are the forms of departmentalization: Customer Departmentalization Geographical Departmentalization Functional Departmentalization Product Departmentalization Process Departmentalization CHAIN OF COMMAND: Chain of command is the responsibility and proper line of authority in the organization. Classical theory explains hierarchy or structure that who reports to whom, and clarifies the position. It tells about the duties and responsibilities of given tasks in organization. SPAN OF CONTROL: It explains the actual position of the manager in the organization that how managers are controlling their sub co-ordinates. We have two types of span of control. Tall and narrow Flat and wide. TALL AND NARROW: In this factor manager can handle five to eight sub co-ordinates. It is much easier to handle minimum people because good communication and understanding will be there. Supervision will be stronger its means that the distance between CEO and lower managers is very less. Manager will be answerable to CEO. CEO does not have to handle all workers or employees. FLAT AND WIDE: This is totally opposite to the tall and narrow. In this there are many sub co-ordinates under the manager. So its too much difficult to handle many people. Motivation to everyone is much difficult and normally human can handle few people. So as a result there will be no attraction or interest in work and moral will be down. There will be no communication between the manager and employees because its not easy to ask about the daily work result and this is not in favour of organization. CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION: It tells about the organization structure that who is the decision maker in the organization. Who has the power and the authority to make a decision for the firm. In the centralization decision making is concentrated by the single person and the decision making is done higher hierarchy and without interaction from the lower level. In the decentralization decision making is distributed in the hierarchy throughout the organization. It is beneficial and decisions are taken more quickly and more confidently. Every employee is the decision maker and he will feel himself an important part of an organization. MATRIX STRUCTURE: Matrix structure is the combination of the product customer, functional departmentalization. An organization which has a matrix structure it has the team work. Every department is responsible for their section. This team work is up to the project time. If the project time is over then they divert to another project. Here the project manager is responsible after the completion of the project and budget. ADVANTAGES: Supports inter-disciplinary, co-operation and multi-function working Combines the benefits of specialization of the product/project structure Develops tolerance of flexibility DISADVANTEGES: Here in this sector there is a big disadvantage of the loyalty between the managers and the project manager over the location of funding, budget and recourses Costs of added management positions and meetings Slower decision making Possible competition between dual managers ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: Organization culture is the set of values, rules, beliefs, attitudes and regulations these factors can help members of the organization to know how we will work. To whom we will report? What are we doing? Why this is important? CULTURE: Culture is like a backbone for the organization because it is the internal environment and it plays a important role in success of the firm. TYPES OF CULTURE: POWER CULTURE: Power culture is centralized. This culture may found in the small kinds of businesses. Control is the basic element. The decision maker is alone. There is no consultant. The organization may react quickly to the danger. WELFARE/PERSON CULTURE: Basically this kind of culture is welfare. This culture is for the sake of society. This kind of culture can be in the group or individual aim but mostly group. TASK CULTURE: It is basically a team work based approach to complete a particular task or project. This culture is more common that business where the organization will establish a project team to complete the project in the particular time. Employees feels motivated because they are in power to make decisions within their team or give ideas, they will also feel good and valued because they may have been selected within that team and given the responsibility to do any task and this factor will motivate the employees. ROLE CULTURE: Role culture is common in most organizations nowadays. In a role culture, organizations are split into various functions and each individual within the function is assigned a particular role or task. The role culture has the benefit of specialization. Employees focus on their particular role as assigned to them by their job description and this should increase productivity for the company. This culture is quite logical to organize in a large organization. STRUCTURE OF ORGANIZATION UNDER STUDY: The organization we have selected in ALLIED BANK LIMITED. The main branch present at Hayatabad Phase 5. ALLIED BANK has a tall structure. There is a president who looks after the whole structure or activities there and he is only one who is answerable or accountable to regional manager. After president there is branch manager. After branch manager there are other different posts and authorities given to people working there. Like the regional does not ask the cashier anything, the cashier is answerable to branch manager and branch manager to president and then regional manager. Branch we have selected it has wide range of authorities because on the ground floor they have settled the entire banking network and the rest of the building they do their own official work. It is a centralized system because the decision making authority lies with only one person. The president give order to manager and then manager convey orders to the employees working there. No one can make decision or do anything in bank work without asking the boss. They do what is said or decided by the higher hierarchy. CULTURE OF ALLIED BANK LIMITED: As we mentioned above that culture is the back bone of any organization. It tells that what are the organization rules and beliefs. ALLIED bank almost covers all types of cultures. Allied bank have given authorities on different levels according to which they have the right to make decision in some places. Thats why they have power culture. As a welfare culture Allied bank is not into any social work or something but the employees working they can have a lot of benefits. Clerks or lower level staff working there can have many good options. They can buy anything with the help of bank and they will pay on instalments. Other options they can use includes medical and basic needs. TASK FOR P2: ANALYZING THE RELATION BETWEEN CULTURE AND STRUCTURE: Culture and structure is working like a backbone in the organization. It creates a new concepts and strategies which can affect or change any level of planning. When it applies on hierarchy of organization then implications of organizational culture and structure will be implemented to the government companies etc. Organizational structure and culture can affect progress of organization in both positive and negative way. In the positive way it differentiates the organization from other organization which doesnt have a culture and structure. It explains the limitation of the firm. It provides a sense of understanding among the employees to know each other for the success and achievement of organizational goals. It can provide or bring stability and social system in the organization. In any organization having culture and structure will be having working environment and also provides appropriate standards of working environment. Every organization has different policies, rules and regulations that how to communicate with the employee or co-workers. The organization also shows about the responsibilities that who will report to whom. Culture and structure has also some drawbacks on the business progress. If the organization culture is too much complex then in the organization decision making will be very slow and also there will be centralized decision making in which the lower level employees will not be entertained. TASK FOR M1: PREVAILING STRUCTURE AND CULTURE IN ORGANIZATION: TALL AND FLAT STRUCTURE: The organization we have selected is ALLIED bank limited. The structure they are prevailing is tall and narrow structure because there is a regional manager on the top of whole system. After that branch manager and then the authorities are sub divided which means that it is clear that who is answerable to whom. Tall structure in an organization means that organization will have large number of levels of management hierarchy. As authorities are sub divided at lower hierarchy therefore it also has flat structure at lower level of management. In the system of ALLIED bank they cover different aspects of organizational structure which are as follow: People who are assigned to their posts have are specialized in their work. They know what to do and what is their job. They are not given any other duty apart from their specialized skill. There are also different departments in this organization. Banking department, ATM department and different places for official work also. It also fulfills the concept of departmentalization. As mentioned above they know who is accountable to whom, this covers the idea of chain of command. CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION: In centralization the decision making authority lies only at higher level. Therefore ALLIED bank limited is also a centralized system because all the decisions are made at higher level. The authority is not delegated throughout all levels of organization. Everyone is answerable to their respective boss. They do not have any right to make any decision without asking their boss. So ALLIED bank limited is a centralized organization where all the decisions are made at higher level or hierarchy. CULTURE: ALLIED bank limited covers different aspects of culture too. As we know that culture is the image of any organization. It represents the environment of that organization. ALLIED bank has power culture because everyone has given the authority on the basis of their specialization. They have the complete right to use their power on different and respective levels. People working in ALLIED bank also have role culture because all of them perform their own job. They also fulfill the task culture idea because the task assigned to an individual or groups is also fulfilled or by completing different projects. TASK FOR P3: ANALYZE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE INDIVSUAL BEHAVIOUR AT WORK: There are many terms and influences which can change the individual behavior but the most important one is personality and perception. PERSONALITY: Personality will be defined as the distinctive traits and the characteristic of a person and the relation to the others and the response from the other people around. It includes five factors of personality known as OCEAN which influences behavior at work. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE: High openness to experience has broad interest and having a wide imagination. In other hand low openness are conservative and conventional. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: Individual with a high level are original and effective. Their focus is just on their job and if this level is low in someone then that person will be very slow, careless and undutiful. EXTRAVERSION: In high level its shows energetic or if it is in low level may be described as quite, shyness and unsocial. AGREEABLENESS: Its good to have high agreeableness because it brings kindness friendly and a team worker. NEUROTICISM: It tells about the effectiveness and emotional control in a body. If neuroticism is high in a body then it shows nervousness, sensitivity and instability and where it is low levels shows confidence, emotional stability and activeness. TASK FOR D1: IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROBLEMS: The structure and culture we have explained will have the following problems if it is in any organization. First of all there will be lake of delegation. Everyone have to do their respective job by which they might get bore and demand for any change which might an organization fail to provide. There is also a chance that may be an individual have a new idea but he cannot convey it to the higher authority because it is a tall structure, this also can degrade the employees. Last and the most important problem that might occur is the communication problem. If any decision is made, it will take time to filter down to the lower hierarchy which is wastage of time. Similarly, if there is any problem in office or an individual have any issue so it will also take longer to inform the high level authority. This is the main drawback about tall structure. The communication problem can affect any organization very severely. By having tall structure, the organization have to increase administration which will result in costs. RECOMMENDATIONS: Recommendations about the mentioned problems are as follow: There should be some way of communication for low level employees to communicate with boss. If they have any new idea to share or any issue to be solved so they can easily communicate with higher hierarchy. When I asked the employee working in ALLIED bank about his communication with boss, he was not satisfied. He said that once he wanted to go for leave, he got the leave but after about 3 days because of lake of communication with boss. He gave application which should be signed by the branch manager. It is not difficult thing to do but dont know why it took so long. So there should be some communication in the whole structure. If an organization increases its administration, it will be very expensive. So they should try to work efficiently as much as possible. We have seen clerks in ALLIED bank which were sitting free for long time. They should not hire even clerks if there is no need.

Writing as Art in The Painted Bird :: Painted Bird Essays

Writing as Art  in  The Painted Bird  Ã‚  Ã‚   Three Works Cited    The use of art has many functions.   It lacks a satisfactory definition and is easier to describe it as a way something is done --â€Å"the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others†Ã‚   --rather than what it is.   Jerzy Kosinski’s The Painted Bird describes the disasters that befall a six-year-old boy who is separated from his parents and wanders through the primitive Polish-Soviet borderlands during the war.   Kosinski fails to mention the boy’s name and the names of the towns the boy travels over throughout the text.   This enables the reader to assume that this child could have possibly been any unfortunate youngster during the war.   Kosinski’s writings organize the chaos of the boy’s life experiences through form.   The use of both organic and conventional form throughout the book draws the reader closer to the horrific encou nters the young boy faced on a daily basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using writing as a method of art organizes the chaos of experience through form.   Kosinski’s novel applies organic form to portray the appalling predicaments the boy encountered during the separation from his family.   The use of organic form in the formal pattern offers the reader the â€Å"what-will-be-next† scenario before they proceed through the pages.   Kosinski gives the reader a taste of the animalistic characteristics of the towns’ people the boy confronts during the war.   This allows the reader not to be â€Å"shocked† when the peasants the boy faces demonstrated an extraordinary predilection for incest, sodomy, and meaningless violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While reading â€Å"The Painted Bird†, the reader gains the impression that religion seemed to be a high priority for the village people.   However, Kosinski’s use of conventional form to inform his readers that church was a very important part of the   culture in these villages seemed to contradict this portrayal. In the culminating incident of the book, the boy drops a missal while he’s helping service Mass and is flung by the angry parishioners into a pot of manure .   Emerging from the pit he realizes that he has lost the power of speech.   Church goes watched as the young boy was tossed into the manure and no one tried to assist him.   A group of bullies pushes the boy, a presumed spy or Jew, below the ice of a frozen pond.

Essay --

â€Å"I will start my essay after I finish this level in this game,† is what I said nearly three hours ago. It has been a whole mess from then on: one level turned into two, then a few more, followed by a few YouTube videos and some online chatting. To say, it in simple words, I procrastinated. Procrastination is only the action of delaying or postponing something. Everyone procrastinates. People procrastinate because they do not want to do a certain task, or because they have too many other things to do. Doing things at the last moment causes chaos and stress. Like all other problems, procrastination leaves over its side effects, which include missed opportunities, frantic work hours, stress, overwhelm, resentment, and some remorse. Procrastination is a complex problem, but can be reduced by various methods like self-awareness, motivation, proper time management, etc. Some say that the procrastination occurs because of laziness. However, the behavior pattern of procrastination can be prompted in many ways, so people usually will not procrastinate for the same reason. Sometimes they pro... Essay -- â€Å"I will start my essay after I finish this level in this game,† is what I said nearly three hours ago. It has been a whole mess from then on: one level turned into two, then a few more, followed by a few YouTube videos and some online chatting. To say, it in simple words, I procrastinated. Procrastination is only the action of delaying or postponing something. Everyone procrastinates. People procrastinate because they do not want to do a certain task, or because they have too many other things to do. Doing things at the last moment causes chaos and stress. Like all other problems, procrastination leaves over its side effects, which include missed opportunities, frantic work hours, stress, overwhelm, resentment, and some remorse. Procrastination is a complex problem, but can be reduced by various methods like self-awareness, motivation, proper time management, etc. Some say that the procrastination occurs because of laziness. However, the behavior pattern of procrastination can be prompted in many ways, so people usually will not procrastinate for the same reason. Sometimes they pro...

Essay --

CHAPTER 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Background Duke, an acronym for The Duta-Ulu Kelang Expressway, structures the key missing connection in the Kuala Lumpur Road Master Plan, joining Duta in the west to Ampang in the east, and to Karak in the north. Duke finishes the Intermediate Ring Roads (Int Rr) of Kuala Lumpur, spanning the North Klang Valley Expressway (Nkve), Sprint (at Penchala Link) and Ulu Kelang area of the Middle Ring Road Ii, permitting drivers to make a trip from finish to end in only 9 minutes. More than simply enhancing connectivity, Duke likewise scatters activity from the city towards different suburban ranges through various entrance and retreat focuses at major spiral convergences. With Duke, you have the capacity to go from one end of Kl to different parts in minutes, bypassing high movement territories, for example, Lebuhraya Mahameru, Jalan Tun Razak, Jalan Kuching, Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Ampang. No upsetting driving, no packed in slither and no unmoving motor blazing valuable petrol. 1.2 Parties involved The development, principles, administration and use of freeways in Malaysia are liable to Federal Roads Act (Private Management) 1984. In Malaysia, expressways are characterized as fast tracks with no less than four paths (two in every course) and might as well have full access control or fractional access control. Most freeways in Malaysia are regulated access roads. Konsortium Lebuhraya Utara-Timur (KL) Sdn Bhd, or KESTURI, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nuzen Corporation Sdn Bhd, which is a joint venture company between Wira Kristal Sdn Bhd and Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad. KESTURI was awarded the Concession Agreement to design, construct, finance, manage, operate and maintain the Exp... ...s. This is lead to cause the slowdown of traffic around the construction area. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the environmental issue will inevitably arise in the construction of a project. The impact of construction on the environment can be addressed through the establishment of effective prevention and follow the environmental impact assessment. This is because in order to develop our country the development and construction is very necessary. The construction of DUKE highway ( Lebuhraya Duta Ulu Kelang) has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages from this highway construction are able to provide efficient and effective transportation and communication systems between highways in Klang area. For the disadvantage of this highway construction is environment pollution. However, various measures can be taken to reduce and prevent this problem.

Documentation of Billing System Essay

Brief description of the proposed thesis topic The word ‘billing’ can refer to both the total amount of goods and the act of counting them. Others take a billing to insure the number of items ordered matches the actual number of items counted physically. Statement of the Objectives General Objective The general objective is to create a computerized billing system for J&S Oyster Restaurant. Specific Objectives The following are the specific objectives of the study that will determine the deliverables: * To present an accurate computation on the bill charged to the customers. * To produce a print out on every sales on a daily weekly monthly basis. * To secure records on the database. * To procure a more accurate orders eliminating errors done manually. * To facilitate a faster transactions in billing the customers. Significance of the proposed thesis topic or justification This study was made to make the work easier, faster and more accurate in terms of billing. The proposed system was developed and implemented to lessen the work of management of the company. It provides more accurate and reliable records of billing (day, week and month). Review of Related Literature and Studies Ritchie, Marshall and Eardley (1998) mentioned that by providing a suitable support environment, office automation system are intended to benefit the knowledge workers in two days: Direct benefits are better control over work, due to less division of labor and fewer non-productive activities such as filling, record keeping and updating. Another benefit would be indirect benefits, are less quantifiable, and may enrich the organization through long-term profitability and growth. These benefits can be less dependency on other department for support with copying printing and similar activities, less need for procedures and control to monitor work flow between departments, increased individual job satisfaction due to greater personal effectiveness in carrying out the range of tasks, greater customer satisfaction, due to better information production and a more timely service, increase competitiveness of an organization through the improved use of its information resource and its ability to respond to business pressures on opportunities. IT applications have changed the nature of the workplace. Tasks ranging from taking orders to analyzing business plans are done using computers rather than paper and pencil. Where people once relied done wherever and whenever it is most convenient. Alter (2001) cited that using telecommunications technology as a substitute for travel is one part of a trend of bringing the work to the workers rather than the workers to the work. In the same general vein, the phrase †any place any time† increasingly summaries the customer’s expectation that business will provide what the customers wants, when and where the customer’s wants it. With the fast and ever changing technology, communication plays a vital role in any business as this will allow its client and the company to interact at an instant. Greater connectivity supports the continuing convergence of computing and communication whereby communication capabilities have become essentials to many systems, and computing capabilities have become essential to communication systems. Consider the way sales people at many firms use touch-one telephones to obtain pricing information and enter orders. In these systems, the telephone becomes a data entry terminal for an information system. (Alter 2001) Since the endeavor will use SMS technology in providing the automated inquiry service, population over the texting market will undeniably needed. Olive (June 16,2004) in his article said the, the Philippines was cited recently as Asia’s leader in short message service by CommunicAsia 2004, an annual telecommunication and broadcasting held recently in Singapore. He further stated that there are already 25 million mobile subscribers. This phenomenal growth can also be equated to the affordable and accessible mobile service. At this time, SMS has become more popular and is not limited to personal usage; different sectors of the population are now using this technology to gain competitive edge in information technology. Nowadays, the use of SMS technology great helps us in our daily lives, most of the time we communicate with others through SMS. The proposed system allows the use of SMS technology for notification feature that sends message to the MIS head when a computer peripheral is altered.

Does Divorce of Parents Harm Children?

Divorce has become prevalent, but what are its effects on children? Many researchers began studying this question in the 1970s, and they have learned a great deal about children and divorce. One thing researchers have learned is that we must distinguish between children's initial or short-term reactions to marital disruption and their long-term (more than two years) adjustment. Children's long-term reactions vary greatly, depending on how the parents respond to the child during and after the breakup. In particular, the most important factors that shape long-term adjustment are (1) the amount of parental conflict children are exposed to and (2) the quality of parenting or childrearing competence they receive. In addition to these two factors, children's reactions are affected by social or environmental factors such as living in a neighborhood with high crime and violence. Economic factors are an important aspect of divorce, as most single-parent mothers have more economic stress and can provide fewer resources and opportunities for their children following divorce. Economic stress leads to increasing family mobility and an unwanted decrease in kinship networks and family support systems. This becomes especially problematic when it deprives families of grandparents and other kin who can help parents cope in the aftermath of divorce. Yes: Judith S. Wallerstein, from â€Å"Growing up in the divorced family† Clinical Social Work Journal (Winter 2005) Clinical psychologist Judith Wallerstein argues not only that children are harmed when their parents’ divorce but also that these negative side effects continue into their adult lives. Wallerstein claims that adolescents of divorce families often become involved with drugs, alcohol, and sexual activity earlier than adolescents of intact families. And once they are adults, she claims that these children suffer from acute anxiety when attempting to love and form permanent relationships. Parent- Child relationships not only change at the breakup but continue to change during the years to follow. When this bond is broken by divorce, a wide range of passions spills over into all domains of the family. These emotions, as noted, have the power to derail parent-child relationships that were in place during the intact family. One immediate consequence of these chronic uncertainties in the post-divorce family is the eruption of persistent anxiety in the child, setting into motion a hyper vigilant tracking of each parent. They grow up insecure. They worry about another loss or sudden change in their family or household. They worry for many years about their parents’ well being. The central finding of our study is that, adulthood, the experience of having been through parental divorce as a child impacts detrimentally on the capacity to love and be loved within lasting, committed relationship. At young adulthood when love, sexual intimacy and commitment and marriage take center stage, children of divorce haunted by the ghosts of their parents’ divorce and terrified that the same fate awaits them. In addition to overcoming their fear of failure, they have a great deal to learn about the give and take of intimate living with another person, about how to deal with differences and how to resolve conflicts. Children recover, typically within a 2 year period, and then resume their normal developmental progress, if three conditions obtain: 1) the parents are able to settle their differences without fighting; 2) the financial arrangements are fair and; 3) the child has continued contact with both parents over the years that follow. Our findings are that where parents got along both maintained caring relationships with their children of the first marriage, undiminished by their post-divorce relationships, and where both parents were doing reasonably well in their personal lives, the childhood and adolescence of the children were better protected. Personal Evaluation: Are people just too selfish to make commitments or care about others anymore? Have people become too lazy or unwilling to work on the problems that exist in every relationship? I believe people still are capable of making mistakes. It's not that divorce is such a bad thing†¦ it's more that people are making the mistake of rushing into marriage for whatever reason and finally coming to grips with reality. Divorce is not questioned, in my opinion, when one of the spouses is abusive an adulterer, or other legally or morally wrong issues. I believe that divorce can harm children. However, I also believe that God can heal those wounds and He can teach them how to live healthy lives. In my opinion, divorce leaves a mark. Like the books says: â€Å"†¦ impacts detrimentally on the capacity to love and be loved within lasting, committed relationship. At young adulthood when love, sexual intimacy and commitment and marriage take center stage, children of divorce haunted by the ghosts of their parents’ divorce and terrified that the same fate awaits them. † I do agree with what the book says. I also come from a broken family and it’s been hard to come to the place where I know and believe in commitment of marriage and love. In my case, my adoptive family had to do a lot with my healing process and the role model they were to me. A loss of family identity often makes one feel inadequate, inferior or incomplete. And that’s how I felt at the beginning but the truth of the matter is; none of us are, whether we come from a broken home or not. Bibliography: Slife, Brent. Taking Sides- Clashing views on Psychological Issues. FIFTEENTH ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Companies, 2006. Newton, Lee. â€Å"Divorce is like a Death in the Family. † About. com. 1 Mar. 2009